Stefan Pfenninger-Lee – Publicationshttps://www.pfenninger.org/publications/Stefan Pfenninger – PublicationsHugo -- gohugo.ioen-usLand Conservation and Large-Scale Renewable Energy Systems Are Simultaneously Possible in Brazilhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.oneear.2025.1015202025-11-21 12:00Paula Conde Santos Borba, Wilson Cabral de Sousa, Stefan PfenningerThe Optimal Is Not Always the Best: Life Cycle Impacts of near-Optimal Energy Systemshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.1264872025-11-1 12:00Alexander de Tomás-Pascual, Laura À. Pérez-Sánchez, Miquel Sierra-Montoya, Francesco Lombardi, Stefan Pfenninger-Lee, Inês Campos, Cristina Madrid-LópezRarely Pure and Never Simple: Exploring Perceptions of Truth and Objectivity in Energy Modelling and Scenarioshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2025.1042292025-9-1 12:00Franziska Bock and Stefan Pfenninger-LeeOpen Models Are Not Enough. Advancing Energy System Modelling Towards Practical Usefulnesshttps://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-69031-0_92025-7-6 12:00Francesco Lombardi, Diana Süsser, Frauke Wiese, Johan Lilliestam, Stefan PfenningerExamining Pathways for a Climate Neutral Europe by 2050; A Model Comparison Analysis Including Integrated Assessment Models and Energy System Modelshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2025.1348092025-3-15 12:00Efstratios Mikropoulos, Mark Roelfsema, Hsing-Hsuan Chen, Iain Staffell, Gabriel Oreggioni, Dan Hdidouan, Jakob Zinck Thellufsen, Miguel Antonio Chang, Panagiotis Fragkos, Anastasis Giannousakis, Souran Chatterjee, Diana Ürge-Vorsatz, Stefan Pfenninger, Bryn Pickering, Marta Victoria, Tom Brown, Detlef P. van VuurenHuman-in-the-Loop MGA to Generate Energy System Design Options Matching Stakeholder Needshttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.00005602025-2-24 12:00Francesco Lombardi and Stefan PfenningerElectricity- and Hydrogen-Driven Energy System Sector-Coupling in Net-Zero CO2 Emission Pathwayshttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-56365-02025-2-4 12:00Bob van der Zwaan, Amir Fattahi, Francesco Dalla Longa, Mark Dekker, Detlef van Vuuren, Robert Pietzcker, Renato Rodrigues, Felix Schreyer, Daniel Huppmann, Johannes Emmerling, Stefan Pfenninger, Francesco Lombardi, Panagiotis Fragkos, Maria Kannavou, Theofano Fotiou, Giannis Tolios, Will UsherNarratives, Expectations, and Policy Criteria for a Democratic and Socially Engaging Energy Transitionhttps://www.pfenninger.org//publications-pdf/2024 - Campos et al - Narratives, expectations and policy criteria.pdf2024-12-1 12:00Inês Campos, Miguel Brito, Stefan Pfenninger-Lee, Luís M. Fazendeiro, Guilherme Pontes Luz, Francesco Lombardi, Aías Lima, Cristina Madrid-LópezPast Peak Prominence: The Changing Role of Integrated Assessment Modeling in the IPCChttps://www.pfenninger.org//publications-pdf/2024 - Gusheva et al - Changing role of integrated assessment modeling.pdf2024-11-15 12:00Ema Gusheva, Stefan Pfenninger, Johan LilliestamSpatial Integration for Firm and Load-Following Wind Generationhttps://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ad5d7d2024-8-7 12:00Javier López Prol, Fernando deLlano- Paz, Anxo Calvo-Silvosa, Stefan Pfenninger, Iain StaffellThe Role of Inter-Island Transmission in Full Decarbonisation Scenarios for Indonesia’s Power Sectorhttps://doi.org/10.1088/2753-3751/ad53cb2024-6-19 12:00Jannis Langer, Francesco Lombardi, Stefan Pfenninger, Harkunti P. Rahayu, Muhammad Indra Al Irsyad, Kornelis BlokHarder, Better, Faster, Stronger: Understanding and Improving the Tractability of Large Energy System Modelshttps://www.pfenninger.org//publications-pdf/2024 - Broechin - Harder better faster stronger.pdf2024-6-3 12:00Manuel Bröchin, Bryn Pickering, Tim Tröndle, Stefan PfenningerThe Potential Role of Airborne and Floating Wind in the North Sea Regionhttps://www.pfenninger.org//publications-pdf/2024 - Vos et al - Potential role of airborne and floating wind in the North Sea.pdf2024-4-29 12:00Hidde Vos, Francesco Lombardi, Rishikesh Joshi, Roland Schmehl, Stefan PfenningerOpen Code and Data Are Not Enough: Understandability as Design Goal for Energy System Modelshttps://www.pfenninger.org//publications-pdf/2024 - Pfenninger - Open code and data are not enough.pdf2024-4-8 12:00Stefan PfenningerLand-Free Bioenergy from Circular Agroecology – A Diverse Option Space and Trade-Offshttps://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ad33d52024-3-14 12:00Fei Wu, Stefan Pfenninger, Adrian MüllerWind-Solar Technological, Spatial and Temporal Complementarities in Europe: A Portfolio Approachhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2024.1303482024-1-17 12:00Javier López Prol, Fernando de Llano Paz, Anxo Calvo-Silvosa, Stefan Pfenninger, Iain StaffellIdentifying Energy Model Fingerprints in Mitigation Scenarioshttps://www.pfenninger.org//publications-pdf/2023 - Dekker et al - Identifying energy model fingerprints.pdf2023-11-6 12:00Mark M. Dekker, Vassilis Daioglou, Robert Pietzcker, Renato Rodrigues, Harmen-Sytze de Boer, Francesco Dalla Longa, Laurent Drouet, Johannes Emmerling, Amir Fattahi, Theofano Fotiou, Panagiotis Fragkos, Oliver Fricko, Ema Gusheva, Mathijs Harmsen, Daniel Huppmann, Maria Kannavou, Volker Krey, Francesco Lombardi, Gunnar Luderer, Stefan Pfenninger, Ioannis Tsiropoulos, Behnam Zakeri, Bob van der Zwaan, Will Usher, Detlef van VuurenA Global Model of Hourly Space Heating and Cooling Demand at Multiple Spatial Scaleshttps://www.pfenninger.org//publications-pdf/Staffell et al - 2023 - A global model of hourly space heating and cooling.pdf2023-9-14 12:00Iain Staffell, Stefan Pfenninger, Nathan JohnsonChallenges and Opportunities for Bioenergy in Europe: National Deployment, Policy Support, and Possible Future Roleshttps://www.pfenninger.org//publications-pdf/2023 - Wu and Pfenninger - Challenges and opportunities for bioenergy in Europe.pdf2023-6-1 12:00Fei Wu and Stefan PfenningerWhat Is Redundant and What Is Not? Computational Trade-Offs in Modelling to Generate Alternatives for Energy Infrastructure Deploymenthttps://www.pfenninger.org//publications-pdf/2023 - Lombardi et al - What is redundant and what is not.pdf2023-6-1 12:00Francesco Lombardi, Bryn Pickering, Stefan PfenningerEnhancing Drought Resilience and Energy Security through Complementing Hydro by Offshore Wind Power—The Case of Brazilhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2022.1166162023-2-1 12:00Paula Conde Santos Borba, Wilson C. Sousa, Milad Shadman, Stefan PfenningerStrategic Uses for Ancillary Bioenergy in a Carbon-Neutral and Fossil-Free 2050 European Energy Systemhttps://www.pfenninger.org//publications-pdf/2023 - Wu et al - Strategic uses for ancillary bioenergy.pdf2023-1-4 12:00Fei Wu, Adrian Muller, Stefan PfenningerEnhanced Spatio-Temporal Electric Load Forecasts Using Less Data with Active Deep Learninghttps://doi.org/10.1038/s42256-022-00552-x2022-11-15 12:00Arsam Aryandoust, Anthony Patt, Stefan PfenningerHow Offshore Wind Could Become Economically Attractive in Low-Resource Regions like Indonesiahttps://www.pfenninger.org//publications-pdf/2022 - Langer et al - How offshore wind could become economically attractive in low-resource regions like Indonesia.pdf2022-9-16 12:00Jannis Langer, Sergio Simanjuntak, Stefan Pfenninger, Antonio Jarquin Laguna, George Lavidas, Henk Polinder, Jaco Quist, Harkunti Pertiwi Rahayu, Kornelis BlokMeteorologically-Informed Spatial Planning of European PV Deployment to Reduce Multiday Generation Variabilityhttps://doi.org/10.1029/2022EF0026732022-7-1 12:00Dirk Mühlemann, Doris Folini, Stefan Pfenninger, Martin Wild, Jan WohlandDiversity of Options to Eliminate Fossil Fuels and Reach Carbon Neutrality across the Entire European Energy Systemhttps://www.pfenninger.org//publications-pdf/2022 - Pickering et al - Diversity of options.pdf2022-6-8 12:00Bryn Pickering, Francesco Lombardi, Stefan PfenningerOpen Energy System Modelling to Support the European Green Dealhttps://www.pfenninger.org//publications-pdf/2022 - Suesser et al - Open energy system modelling.pdf2022-5-16 12:00Diana Süsser, Bryn Pickering, Ludwig Hülk, Stefan PfenningerHigh-Resolution Large-Scale Onshore Wind Energy Assessments: A Review of Potential Definitions, Methodologies and Future Research Needshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2021.10.0272022-1-1 12:00Russell McKenna, Stefan Pfenninger, Heidi Heinrichs, Johannes Schmidt, Iain Staffell, Christian Bauer, Katharina Gruber, Andrea N. Hahmann, Malte Jansen, Michael Klingler, Natascha Landwehr, Xiaoli Guo Larsén, Johan Lilliestam, Bryn Pickering, Martin Robinius, Tim Tröndle, Olga Turkovska, Sebastian Wehrle, Jann Michael Weinand, Jan WohlandMitigating a Century of European Renewable Variability with Transmission and Informed Sitinghttps://www.pfenninger.org//publications-pdf/2021 - Wohland et al - Mitigating a century of European renewable variability.pdf2021-5-24 12:00Jan Wohland, David J. Brayshaw, Stefan PfenningerTrends in Tools and Approaches for Modelling the Energy Transitionhttps://www.pfenninger.org//publications-pdf/2021 - Chang et al - Trends in Tools and Approaches for Modelling the Energy Transition.pdf2021-5-15 12:00Miguel Chang, Jakob Zink Thellufsen, Behnam Zakeri, Bryn Pickering, Stefan Pfenninger, Henrik Lund, Poul Alberg ØstergaardPolicy Decision Support for Renewables Deployment through Spatially Explicit Practically Optimal Alternativeshttps://www.pfenninger.org//publications-pdf/2020 - Lombardi et al - Spatially Explicit Practically Optimal Alternatives.pdf2020-8-24 12:00Francesco Lombardi, Bryn Pickering, Emanuela Colombo, Stefan PfenningerTrade-Offs between Geographic Scale, Cost, and Infrastructure Requirements for Fully Renewable Electricity in Europehttps://www.pfenninger.org//publications-pdf/2020 - Troendle et al - Trade-Offs between Geographic Scale Cost and Infrastructure Requirements.pdf2020-8-14 12:00Tim Tröndle, Johan Lilliestam, Stefano Marelli, Stefan PfenningerOn the Potential of “Photovoltaics + Electric Vehicles” for Deep Decarbonization of Kyoto’s Power Systems: Techno-economic-social Considerationshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.1154192020-6-27 12:00Takuro Kobashi, Takahiro Yoshida, Yoshiki Yamagata, Katsuhiko Naito, Stefan Pfenninger, Kelvin Say, Yasuhiro Takeda, Amanda Ahl, Masaru Yarime, Keishiro HaraThe Near- to Mid-Term Outlook for Concentrating Solar Power: Mostly Cloudy, Chance of Sunhttps://www.pfenninger.org//publications-pdf/2020 - Lilliestam et al - The near- to mid-term outlook for concentrating solar power mostly cloudy, chance of sun.pdf2020-6-10 12:00Johan Lilliestam, Lana Ollier, Mercè Labordena, Stefan Pfenninger, Richard ThonigThe NExus Solutions Tool (NEST) v1.0: An Open Platform for Optimizing Multi-Scale Energy–Water–Land System Transformationshttps://www.pfenninger.org//publications-pdf/2020 - Vinca et al - NExus Solutions Tool.pdf2020-3-11 12:00Adriano Vinca, Simon Parkinson, Edward Byers, Peter Burek, Zarrar Khan, Volker Krey, Fabio A. Diuana, Yaoping Wang, Ansir Ilyas, Alexandre C. Köberle, Iain Staffell, Stefan Pfenninger, Abubakr Muhammad, Andrew Rowe, Roberto Schaeffer, Narasimha D. Rao, Yoshihide Wada, Ned Djilali, Keywan RiahiEnergy Self-Sufficient Households with Photovoltaics and Electric Vehicles Are Feasible in Temperate Climatehttps://www.pfenninger.org//publications-pdf/2020 - Gstoehl and Pfenninger - Energy self-sufficient households.pdf2020-3-4 12:00Ursin Gstöhl and Stefan PfenningerSub-National Variability of Wind Power Generation in Complex Terrain and Its Correlation with Large-Scale Meteorologyhttps://www.pfenninger.org//publications-pdf/2020 - Pickering et al - Sub-national variability of wind power generation.pdf2020-1-1 12:00Bryn Pickering, Christian M. Grams, Stefan PfenningerHome-Made or Imported: On the Possibility for Renewable Electricity Autarky on All Scales in Europehttps://www.pfenninger.org//publications-pdf/2019 - Troendle et al - Renewable electricity autarky.pdf2019-11-1 12:00Tim Tröndle, Stefan Pfenninger, Johan LilliestamThe Dragon Awakens: Will China Save or Conquer Concentrating Solar Power?https://doi.org/10.1063/1.51176482019-7-25 12:00Johan Lilliestam, Lana Ollier, Stefan PfenningerEstimation of Losses in Solar Energy Production from Air Pollution in China since 1960 Using Surface Radiation Datahttps://www.pfenninger.org//publications-pdf/2019 - Sweerts et al - Losses in solar energy production from air pollution in China.pdf2019-7-8 12:00Bart Sweerts, Stefan Pfenninger, Su Yang, Doris Folini, Bob van der Zwaan, Martin WildCMIP-5 Models Project Photovoltaics Are a No-Regrets Investment in Europe Irrespective of Climate Changehttps://www.pfenninger.org//publications-pdf/2019 - Mueller et al - CMIP-5 models project photovoltaics are a no-regrets investment in Europe.pdf2019-3-15 12:00Johannes Müller, Doris Folini, Martin Wild, Stefan PfenningerCalliope: A Multi-Scale Energy Systems Modelling Frameworkhttps://www.pfenninger.org//publications-pdf/2018 - Pfenninger and Pickering - Calliope.pdf2018-9-12 12:00Stefan Pfenninger and Bryn PickeringImpacts of Inter-annual Wind and Solar Variations on the European Power Systemhttps://www.pfenninger.org//publications-pdf/2018 - Collins et al - Impacts of Inter-annual Wind and Solar Variations on the European Power System.pdf2018-7-26 12:00Seán Collins, Paul Deane, Brian Ó Gallachóir, Stefan Pfenninger, Iain StaffellWill Policies to Promote Energy Efficiency Help or Hinder Achieving a 1.5 °C Climate Target?https://www.pfenninger.org//publications-pdf/2018 - Patt et al - Energy Efficiency and 1.5 Climate Target.pdf2018-7-19 12:00Anthony Patt, Oscar van Vliet, Johan Lilliestam, Stefan PfenningerThe Increasing Impact of Weather on Electricity Supply and Demandhttps://www.pfenninger.org//publications-pdf/2018 - Staffell and Pfenninger - The increasing impact of weather on electricity supply and demand.pdf2018-2-15 12:00Iain Staffell and Stefan PfenningerOpening the Black Box of Energy Modelling: Strategies and Lessons Learnedhttps://www.pfenninger.org//publications-pdf/2018 - Pfenninger et al - Opening the black box of energy modelling.pdf2018-1-1 12:00Stefan Pfenninger, Lion Hirth, Ingmar Schlecht, Eva Schmid, Frauke Wiese, Tom Brown, Chris Davis, Matthew Gidden, Heidi Heinrichs, Clara Heuberger, Simon Hilpert, Uwe Krien, Carsten Matke, Arjuna Nebel, Robbie Morrison, Berit Müller, Guido Pleßmann, Matthias Reeg, Jörn C. Richstein, Abhishek Shivakumar, Iain Staffell, Tim Tröndle, Clemens WingenbachBalancing Europe's Wind-Power Output through Spatial Deployment Informed by Weather Regimeshttps://www.pfenninger.org//publications-pdf/2017 - Grams et al - Balancing European wind power.pdf2017-7-17 12:00Christian M. Grams, Remo Beerli, Stefan Pfenninger, Iain Staffell, Heini WernliHigh Solar Photovoltaic Penetration in the Absence of Substantial Wind Capacity: Storage Requirements and Effects on Capacity Adequacyhttps://www.pfenninger.org//publications-pdf/2017 - Fattori et al - High solar photovoltaic penetration without wind.pdf2017-7-6 12:00Fabrizio Fattori, Norma Anglani, Iain Staffell, Stefan PfenningerEmpirically Observed Learning Rates for Concentrating Solar Power and Their Responses to Regime Changehttps://www.pfenninger.org//publications-pdf/2017 - Lilliestam et al - CSP learning rates.pdf2017-6-12 12:00Johan Lilliestam, Mercè Labordena, Anthony Patt, Stefan PfenningerDealing with Multiple Decades of Hourly Wind and PV Time Series in Energy Models: A Comparison of Methods to Reduce Time Resolution and the Planning Implications of Inter-Annual Variabilityhttps://www.pfenninger.org//publications-pdf/2017 - Pfenninger - Time series in energy models.pdf2017-4-4 12:00Stefan Pfenninger